P&I for Shipowners, Charterers, Builders etc.

Cover for the care and safety of crews on board, including medical costs, repatriation, replacement and compensation costs arising from illness, injury or death.

Pollution will subject shipowners to a strict liability regime and wide range of claims for both clean-up costs and consequential economic loss.

IMO’s Nairobi Convention entitles a formal port authority order against owners if a wreck poses a navigational or environmental hazard, that is one of strict liability.

Traditionally, H&M insurance covers the repair damage to ‘own ship’ plus 3/4th of the collision liability, and P&I covers the remaining 1/4th plus any excess liability balance.